Rhys White

Rhys White

PhD in Microbial Genomics | Comparative Genomics | Bioinformatics | Antibioic Resistance | Phylogenomics

Escherichia coli: placing resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in Australia and New Zealand into perspective

1 minute read

Published:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis. Rising AMR affects antimicrobial therapeutic guidelines, particularly as third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) are recommended as ‘first-line’ treatments to avoid prescribing ‘last-line’ antibiotics.

Abstract

At least 300 million urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur annually worldwide. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the leading cause of UTIs. The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionised modern medicine. Yet, overusing antibiotics has accelerated the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with UPEC driving the dissemination of AMR globally. Resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics like third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and fluoroquinolones threatens public health. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli precipitate resistance, particularly when these antibiotics are used as empirical therapies against UPEC. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States have listed ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, such as E. coli as a severe threat. Additionally, the World Health Organization have classified 3GCs and fluoroquinolones as the highest priority (critically important antimicrobials), where these therapies are only recommended following susceptibility testing. The present report demonstrates the distributions of E. coli cases with resistance to 3GC and fluoroquinolones in Australia and New Zealand and contextualises trends with European reports. This investigation emphasises the value of epidemiology and the justification of evidence-based interventions using data as an essential resource for reducing resistance to our ‘first-line’ antibiotics.

Read the full publication here: https://doi.org/10.1071/MA21031

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Twitter thread

The first genomic insight into Chlamydia psittaci sequence type (ST)24 from a healthy captive psittacine host in Australia demonstrates evolutionary proximity with strains from psittacine, human, and equine hosts

2 minute read

Published:

In 2022, we went into a pet shop and collected a faecal sample from a healthy (asymptomatic) pet bird. We discovered that a strain of Chlamydia psittaci found in a pet bird in 2022 is very similar to the C. psittaci strains that caused foal loss in horses in 2016. This is a bit concerning because it means that there’s a possibility that people and animals could get sick from C. psittaci, so we need to keep a close eye on it to make sure everyone stays healthy. To do that, we need to figure out who is giving C. psittaci to whom so we can come up with evidence-based ways to stop C. psittaci from spreading.

One clone to rule them all: Culture-independent genomics of Chlamydia psittaci from equine and avian hosts in Australia

2 minute read

Published:

In Australia, novel C. psittaci infections in horses raise biosecurity concerns. Here, we used limited whole-genome sequencing to figure out ’who is giving it to who’ and when these modern C. psittaci strains may have appeared in Australia. Our findings suggest that strains from parrots and horses have likely descended from a single progenitor strain.

Phase variation in the glycosyltransferase genes of Pasteurella multocida associated with outbreaks of fowl cholera on free-range layer farms

2 minute read

Published:

In poultry, P. multocida causes fowl cholera which leads to acute and fatal septicaemia with significant economic loss on the poultry industry. In Australia, gene-centric molecular studies are valuable in studying the epidemiology of outbreaks and guiding autogenous vaccination programmes. But these techniques do not provide the resolution for insight into the LPS structure of strains - enter whole-genome sequencing.

Completing the genome sequence of Chlamydia pecorum strains MC/MarsBar and DBDeUG: New insights into this enigmatic koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) pathogen

2 minute read

Published:

We present the first two complete C. pecorum genomes sequenced from diseased koalas. With these genomes, we expand on previous works by improving the gene annotations and by providing the genomic context of important virulence and accessory gene content. These findings lay the foundations for identifying and understanding species specificity and host adaptation behind chlamydial infections affecting koalas.